Charlotte J. Word, Ph.D.

Expertise: Blood and Bodily Fluids, DNA

Address

P.O. Box 35153
Richmond, VA 23235-0153
Phone: 804-320-0616
Send Email

Additional Info

Consultant in Forensic DNA testing - RFLP, DQA1/PM, STRs, Y-STR. >25 years experience; formerly at Cellmark Diagnostics Laboratory, Germantown, MD.
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Dan Krane, Ph.D.

Expertise: DNA

Address

Forensics Bioinformatics
2850 Presidential Dr., Suite 160
Fairborn, OH 45324
Phone: 937-426-9270
Fax: 937-426-9271
Send Email
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Additional Info

CEO of Forensic Bioinformatics. Population geneticist.
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Deanna D. Lankford

Expertise: DNA

Address

Orchid Cellmark, Inc.
Dallas, TX
Phone: 1-800-872-5227
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Additional Info

Associate Laboratory Director
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Dr. Heather Miller Coyle

Expertise: DNA

Address

University of New Haven
Henry C. Lee College Forensics Science Dept. 300 Boston Post Rd.
West Haven, CT 06516
Phone: 203-479-4595
Alt Phone: 914-438-8223 (cell)
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Additional Info

Assistant Professor of Forensic Science. Previously worked as DNA Analyst at Connecticut State Forensic Science Laboratory. Has consulted on several NC cases.
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Dr. Randell T. Libby

Expertise: DNA

Address

4616 25th Avenue NE – Suite 708
Seattle, WA 98105
Phone: 425-869-9536
Fax: 425-885-2932
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Additional Info

Molecular Geneticist who specializes in Neurogenetics and Forensic Genetics
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Edward Blake

Expertise: Blood and Bodily Fluids, DNA

Address

Forensic Science Associates
3053 Research Drive
Richmond, CA 94806
Phone: 510-222-8883
Fax: 510-222-8887
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Additional Info

Specializes in field investigation, forensic serology and DNA analysis.
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Elizabeth Johnson, Ph.D.

Expertise: Blood and Bodily Fluids, DNA

Address

1534 N. Moorpark Rd No. 364
Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
Phone: 805-553-0445
Alt Phone: 805-320-0160 (cell)
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Additional Info

Ph.D. in Immunology. Forensic scientist specializing in evidence examination and DNA analysis since 1991. Established DNA Laboratory in Harris County Medical Examiner's Office in Houston.
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Henry Lee, Ph.D.

Expertise: Blood and Bodily Fluids, Blood Spatter, Crime Scene, Hair, Trace Evidence

Address

Forensic Research and Training Center
82 Limewood Ave.
Branford, CT 6405
Phone: 203-932-7460 (for consults)
Alt Phone: 203-488-1475, 203-932-7540
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Additional Info

Former Director of Connecticut State Police Forensic Lab. Specializes in bloodstain pattern analysis, microscopy, DNA, and hair.
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Huma Nasir

Expertise: DNA

Address

Orchid Cellmark, Inc.
Dallas, TX
Phone: 1-800-872-5227
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Additional Info

Technical Leader, mtDNA and Y-STRs. Conducts scientific analysis on multiple forms of biological evidence for forensic casework utilizing PCR-based DNA analysis. Routinely uses these systems: Profiler Plus, COfiler, Identifiler, Identifiler Plus, PowerPlex 16 HS, Y-STR, MiniSTR, and Mitochondrial DNA analysis using the ABI 310, 3100 and 3130 Genetic Analyzers and the ABI 377 DNA Sequencer platforms.Prepares case reports and is available as an expert in Molecular Biology and Forensic DNA analysis for court testimony.
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J. Thomas (Tom) McClintock, Ph.D.

Expertise: DNA, Entomology

Address

DNA Diagnostics, Inc.
P. O. Box 11101
Lynchburg, VA 24506
Phone: 703-927-9090
Alt Phone: 703-927-9090
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Additional Info

Specializes in forensic DNA analysis, forensic entomology, molecular and microbiology.Voted Top 15 Forensic DNA Analyst in the U.S. in 2013.
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Joan Gulliksen

Expertise: DNA

Address

13988 Diplomat Dr. Suite 100
Dallas, TX
Phone: 214-271-8337 (direct)
Alt Phone: 800-872-5227(gen)
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Additional Info

Orchid is the forensics department that branched off from Cellmark Diagnostics.
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Julie A. Heinig, Ph.D.

Expertise: DNA

Address

DNA Diagnostics Center, Inc
One DDC Way
Fairfield, OH 45014
Phone: 800-406-1940
Alt Phone: 513-881-7806 ext. 2283
Fax: 800-310-9746
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Additional Info

Ph.D. in cell biology; primarily a DNA scientist (Forensic Director and DNA Technical Leader) that oversees all DNA analysis in DDC's Forensic laboratory, an ANAB-accredited lab; regularly consults and testifies as DNA expert, with particular expertise in post-conviction DNA analysis of difficult, degraded samples.
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Laura Gahn, Ph.D., D-ABC

Expertise: DNA

Address

Cellmark Forensics, LabCorp Specialty Testing Group
Dallas, TX
Phone: 1-800-872-5227
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Additional Info

Administrative and technical responsibility for all aspects of the Cellmark Forensics Dallas facility, which performs all US forensic casework and databasing testing for LabCorp and manufactures and administers the IQAS proficiency testing program.
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Lawrence Kobilinsky, Ph.D.

Expertise: Blood and Bodily Fluids, DNA

Address

Forensic Science Consulting Inc.
Oceanside, NY 11572
Phone: 516-353-4395
Fax: 516-536-1084
Send Email
Visit Website

Additional Info

I work in the area of serology and DNA analysis of crime scene evidence and assist primarily criminal defense attorneys with their cases.
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Maher (Max) Noureddine, Ph.D., MS

Expertise: DNA, Serology

Address

ForensiGen LLC
P.O. Box 250
Oak Ridge, NC 27310
Phone: 336-441-0221
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Additional Info

PhD in molecular genetics, expertise in forensic DNA and serology analysis, complex human genetics/genomics, mitochondrial DNA, laboratory practices, casework review, and court testimony. Provides custom training/CLE in forensic DNA and serology evidence.
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Marc Scott Taylor

Expertise: DNA, GSR, Toolmark

Address

Technical Associates Inc., Forensic Science Consultation and Laboratory Testing
4125 Market Street, Suite #3
Ventura, CA 93003
Phone: 805-677-2155
Fax: 805-676-1638
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Visit Website

Additional Info

DNA consultation & analysis, GSR consultation & analysis, toolmarks, general criminalistics, evidence collection, attorney education, assistance with cross-examination of experts.
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Matthew Quartaro

Expertise: DNA

Address

Quartaro Forensics, LLC
Plano, TX 75023
Phone: (214) 293-5313
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Additional Info

Matt Quartaro is a forensic DNA expert with almost 20 years of experience in the industry. Mr. Quartaro provides case review, trial preparation/consulting and expert witness testimony.
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Meghan E. Clement

Expertise: Blood and Bodily Fluids, DNA

Address

Clement Consulting, LLC
PO Box 18014
Raleigh, NC 27619
Phone: 919-539-6806
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Additional Info

Provides DNA case reviews and consultation on STR, Y-STR and mtDNA analysis, assists in court preparation, cross examination questions, provides expert testimony.
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Mehul B. Anjaria, MS,D-ABC

Expertise: DNA

Address

MBA DNA Consulting, LLC
633 West 5th Street, 26th Floor
Los Angeles, CA 90071
Phone: 310-801-1848
Fax: 310-295-2161
Send Email
Visit Website

Additional Info

Forensic DNA Consulting. Mr. Anjaria has previous experience as a law enforcement criminalist and as co-founder/director of the first ASCLD/LAB-International accredited private DNA lab in California.
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Melanie S. Trapani, Ph.D.

Expertise: DNA

Address

Orchid Cellmark, Inc.
Dallas, TX
Phone: 1-800-872-5227
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Additional Info

Associate Laboratory Director, Production Manager and DNA Technical Leader-Autosomal STRs
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Norah Rudin, Ph.D.

Expertise: DNA

Address

650 Castro St., Suite 120-404
Mountain View, CA 94041
Phone: 650-605-3411
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Additional Info

Reviews and interprets DNA typing results. Has assisted both prosecution and defense. Has qualified as an expert witness in forensic DNA analysis and general criminalistics.
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Orchid Cellmark

Expertise: DNA

Address

13988 Diplomat Dr., Suite 100
Dallas, TX 75234
Phone: 800-872-5227
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Additional Info

Private laboratory that performs DNA analysis. Performs case reviews which will review the accreditation and procedures of the original testing lab.
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Ronald T Acton, Ph.D.

Expertise: DNA

Address

South Arising Consultants
1632 Dobbs Lane
Vestavia Hills, AL 35216
Phone: 205-960-7207 (cell)
Send Email
Visit Website

Additional Info

Ph.D. in microbiology/immunology. Postdoctoral training in immunogenetics, human genetics and molecular genetics - primarily a molecular geneticist. Consults as DNA expert. Testified in 22 States, Federal, State and Military courts. Board certified as a High Complexity Clinical Laboratory Director and as a Technologist in Molecular Biology.
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Sandy Zabell, Ph.D.

Expertise: DNA

Address

Northwestern University Department Of Statistics
2006 Sheridan Rd.
Evanston, IL 60208
Phone: 847-491-5564
Alt Phone: 847-491-5752
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Additional Info

Mathematician and statistician. Ph.D. in mathematics. DNA identification evidence.
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Simon Ford

Expertise: DNA

Address

Forensics Bioinformatics
2850 Presidential Dr., Suite 160
Fairborn, OH 45324
Phone: 937-426-9270
Fax: 937-426-9271
Send Email
Visit Website

Additional Info

Senior Research and Development Scientist for Forensic Bioinformatics. Ph.D. in molecular biology. Works in CA, but this is the correct contact information. Dan Krane is President of the company.
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Terry Melton, Ph.D.

Expertise: DNA

Address

Mitotyping Technologies
2565 Park Center Boulevard, Suite 200
State College, PA 16801
Phone: 814-861-0676
Fax: 814-861-0576
Send Email
Visit Website

Additional Info

Field of Expertise: DNA, especially mitochondrial DNA, difficult samples, and hair analysis. Has worked with prosecution and defense teams. Has worked with indigent defense and Innocence Projects.
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William C. (Bill) Thompson, Ph.D., JD

Expertise: DNA

Address

School of Social Ecology, UC-Irvine
Irvine, CA
Phone: 949-824-6156
Send Email
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Additional Info

JD and Ph.D. Performs forensic DNA testing. Provides statistical testimony and analysis of the social science of evidence.
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William Shields

Expertise: DNA

Address

SUNY-ESF
116 Illick Hall, 1 Forestry Dr.
Syracuse, NY 13210
Phone: 315-470-6771
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Additional Info

Primarily a population geneticist, has also been qualified each time as a molecular geneticist. Has testified concerning DNA profiling, population genetics and mitochondrial DNA testing.
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You are here: Home / Forensic Disciplines / DNA

DNA

Contents:

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Reports and Publications

  • OSAC Registry Approved Standards, NIST

    The Organization of Scientific Area Committees for Forensic Evidence (OSAC) develops documentary standards for forensics through a standards developing organization or other consensus-based process that allows for participation and comment from relevant stakeholders. Standards under consideration as well as approved standards are available in the OSAC Registry. Standards are being developed for each forensic discipline.

  • AAFS Standards Board Documents

    The American Academy of Forensic Sciences Standards Board develops documentary standards for forensics through a consensus process, involving participation by all directly and materially affected persons. The standards that have been published are available on the ASB website. Standards are being developed for each forensic discipline.

  • No Longer the Gold Standard: Probabilistic Genotyping is Changing the Nature of DNA Evidence in Criminal Trials

    Author: Bess Stiffelman Esq.

  • DNA Audit Summary

    The NC State Crime Laboratory has posted its DNA Section Audit Reports (1999-2018). If you would like a summary of these audits, with issues that may be relevant to casework highlighted, email Sarah Rackley Olson.

  • DNA Mixtures: A Forensic Science Explainer

    NIST has created this document to explain why DNA mixture interpretation can be so complex and to explain how likelihood ratios and probabilistic genotyping software can assist with interpreting complex mixtures.

  • American Bar Association Standards on DNA Evidence

    Standards and best practices for the collection, preservation, and testing of DNA evidence and for its use at trial, published in 2018.

  • Forensic DNA Analysis: A Primer for Courts

    In Nov. 2017, the Royal Society published this primer to assist the UK judiciary when handling DNA and serology evidence in the courtroom. The primer provides a good introduction to forensic DNA analysis, including a description of different types of DNA mixture interpretation software.

  • Making Sense of Forensic Genetics

    This 2017 guide presents information about DNA forensics in a way that is accessible to both a general audience and legal professionals. It focuses on topics such as the context in which DNA evidence is discovered, DNA databases, statistics, and use of DNA to predict appearance or ancestry.

  • NIST Research Enables Enhanced DNA “Fingerprints”

    Starting Jan. 1, 2017, forensic labs that participate in the FBI’s National DNA Index System (NDIS) increased the number of genetic markers analyzed from 13 to 20. Analyzing an increased number of genetic markers will make the DNA profiles more compatible with international DNA searches and will decrease the likelihood of a random match of two individuals within the NDIS database.

  • Weak DNA evidence could undermine justice, experts say

    Chicago Tribune article uses a case example to demonstrate the dangers of using DNA evidence that has very little probative value. New technology is allowing DNA analysis to be performed on very small amounts of DNA which may generate incomplete genetic profiles that may or may not be meaningful in a case.

  • Forensic DNA Statistics: Still Controversial In Some Cases

    by William C. Thompson, Laurence D. Mueller, and Dan E. Krane. The Champion, Dec. 2012. This article is a must-read for attorneys dealing with cases with DNA evidence. The authors show how subjectivity and bias may play a role in DNA analysis, particularly in cases involving very small amounts of DNA, partial profiles, or mixtures.

  • DNA for the Defense Bar

    This manual for defense attorneys was written by a group of experienced defense attorneys and DNA experts. Its approach to basic and advanced topics is easy to understand. In addition to explaining the science and techniques of DNA analysis, the manual offers advice on topics such as opening and closing statements, jury selection, and cross examination.

  • Fallible DNA evidence can mean prison or freedom

    by Linda Geddes, New Scientist, August 11, 2010 – gives an explanation of how subjectivity and bias affect DNA analysis. Discusses issues such as partial profiles, allelic drop-out and drop-in, mixtures, and thresholds for analysis.

  • Forensic Trace DNA: A Review

    by Roland AH van Oorschot etal. Investigative Genetics (2010). In a very accessible way, this article describes issues associated with what is often called “touch DNA.” Topics covered include evidence collection, DNA extraction, amplification, profiling and interpretation of trace DNA samples.

  • National Academy of Sciences Report

    See pp. 128-133 for the National Research Counsel’s description of the forensic use of Deoxyribonucleic acid

  • The Potential for Error in Forensic DNA Testing (and How That Complicates the Use of DNA Databases for Criminal Identification

    by William C. Thompson, for the Council for Responsible Genetics (2008) – discusses how false incriminations can occur in forensic DNA testing, including coincidental DNA profile matches, accidental transfer of DNA, errors in labeling of samples, and misinterpretation of test results.

  • Communicating Statistical DNA Evidence

    by Samuel Lindsey etal. Jurimetrics 43 (2003). This article presents what DNA analyses can and cannot reveal and a way to improve judges’ and jurors’ understanding of evidence involving probabilities and statistics.

  • Application of Low Copy Number DNA Profiling

    by Peter Gill, Croatian Medical Journal (2001). This 4-page article describes considerations that must be taken into account with Low Copy number (LCN) DNA, including allele dropout and the possibility of contamination. Low Copy number DNA analysis allows a DNA profile to be obtained from just a few cells.

From the Blog

  • Testimony regarding an inconclusive DNA mixture, 2/27/2020
    Attorneys handling cases involving DNA evidence should be aware of a recent NC Court of Appeals decision, State v. Phillips, COA19-372. In Dec. 2019, the Court of Appeals found that the admission of testimony about an inconclusive DNA mixture was expert testimony, was not based on sufficient facts or data nor is the product of …
  • MI federal judge disallows testimony about DNA mixture interpretation, 11/6/2019
    Counsel should be aware of the Oct. 2019 ruling in which a United States District Judge found that in a case involving interpretation of a complex DNA mixture where the relevant contributor contributed 7% of the DNA in the mixture, the STRmix software report did not meet the Daubert reliability standard for admissibility as evidence. …
  • Granting of new trial in capital case with unreliable DNA evidence affirmed, 10/7/2019
    In 2010, Michael Ryan was convicted of first degree murder and sentenced to death for a 2007 homicide. While the case was on direct appeal and as a result of the Motion for Appropriate Relief hearing, an order issued by Judge W. Erwin Spainhour granted Michael Ryan a new trial in 2017. The State appealed …
  • DNA testing issue at NMS Labs, 7/19/2019
    Attorneys from several counties have received notice through discovery that their cases that their cases were potentially affected by a DNA testing issue at National Medical Services (NMS) Labs in Pennsylvania. DA’s offices in various jurisdictions have sent samples to NMS Labs for DNA testing in recent years. The issue that has been identified is …
  • Probabilistic genotyping software for interpreting DNA mixtures, 7/1/2019
    NC attorneys may be aware that software programs are being adopted by crime laboratories to assist with interpreting complex DNA mixtures. The NC State Crime Laboratory is working on validating a procedure for the use of STRmix probabilistic genotyping software, which will likely go online in the coming months. It is crucial that attorneys understand …
  • Online tracking system for Sexual Assault Evidence Collection Kits now available, 6/28/2019
    In 2018, the NC General Assembly passed legislation (S.L. 2018-70) requiring the creation of the a statewide tracking system to track the testing of Sexual Assault Evidence Collection Kits (SAECKs) from collection to completion of forensic testing. The tracking system is now available for all stakeholders in the criminal justice system.   For kits collected …
  • New Trial Ordered in DNA Case, 6/6/2019
    Superior Court Judge Chris Bragg has overturned Mark Carver’s murder conviction and ordered a new trial. Mr. Carver had been convicted in 2011 of the murder of a UNC Charlotte student. Chris Mumma, executive director of the North Carolina Center on Actual Innocence, represents Mr. Carver. She argued and the court ruled that Mr. Carver …
  • DNA Mixtures: A Forensic Science Explainer, 5/7/2019
    NIST has created a primer on interpretation of DNA mixtures that explains what are DNA mixtures and why are they sometimes so difficult to interpret. The primer was published on April 3, 2019 and covers topics including: Low sensitivity vs. high sensitivity methods for detecting DNA When is a peak a peak? How to determine …
  • Sexual Assault Kit Tracking Now Available, 11/16/2018
    In 2018, the NC General Assembly passed legislation (S.L. 2018-70) requiring the creation of the a statewide tracking system to track the testing of Sexual Assault Evidence Collection Kits (SAECKs) from collection to completion of forensic testing. The tracking system is now available for all stakeholders in the criminal justice system. For kits collected on …
  • Happy National DNA Day!, 4/25/2018
    If you handle cases involving DNA evidence and don’t know the story of Lukis Anderson, stop what you are doing and take a few minutes to observe National DNA Day by reading this great article by Katie Worth of The Marshall Project. Mr. Anderson was a homeless man living in San Jose, CA whose DNA was found …
  • Click here for more blog posts on this topic

Featured Articles

  • NIST Scientific Foundation Reviews, NIST

    Abstract:
    The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is a scientific research agency that works to advance measurement science, standards, and technology and that has been working to strengthen forensic science methods for almost a century. In recent years, several scientific advisory bodies have expressed the need for scientific foundation reviews of forensic disciplines and identified NIST as an appropriate agency for conducting them.

    The purpose of a scientific foundation review is to identify and document information supporting methods and practices used in forensic analysis and to identify knowledge gaps where they exist. Beginning in fiscal year 2018, Congress appropriated funds for NIST to conduct scientific foundation reviews.

    NIST has begun reviews of DNA mixture interpretation, bitemark analysis, digital evidence, and firearms examination. In addition to providing insights into these specific disciplines, the initial reviews serve as pilot studies which will guide future efforts.

    This document outlines NIST’s approach to conducting scientific foundation reviews, including data sources used, evaluation criteria, and expected outputs.

  • Trying Mitochondrial DNA Cases

    Prepared by the Wisconsin Public Defender’s Office

  • Trying Y-STR DNA Cases

    Information prepared by the Wisconsin Public Defender’s Office

  • No Longer the Gold Standard: Probabilistic Genotyping is Changing the Nature of DNA Evidence in Criminal Trials

    Author: Bess Stiffelman Esq.

  • Timeline of DNA Analysis in North Carolina

    This 2013 document traces the development of forensic DNA analysis and its use by the NC State Crime Lab. It attempts to identify what technologies were available at what time. Information about the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department Crime Laboratory is not included.

Trainings

  • Stability and persistence of touch DNA for forensic analysis, FTCOE

    Touch DNA evidence (i.e. the low quantities of DNA that can be left behind when someone touches an object) is of increasing importance in criminal investigations. However, many important questions exist regarding basic properties of touch DNA, including the expected stability of touch DNA samples following exposure to different environmental conditions.

    This Forensic Technology Center of Excellence webinar will review existing scientific literature, describe lessons-learned and best practices for conducting experiments with touch DNA, and describe the initial results of a study designed to evaluate the stability of touch DNA under different environmental conditions. Five controlled environmental conditions were established with highly controlled temperature, relative humidity, and ultraviolet light levels. A formal randomization scheme was implemented to minimize sources of potential variability. The stability of both control DNA and touch DNA samples collected from donors was evaluated. DNA was collected and purified at different time points, quantified using the Quantifiler HP kit, and evaluated for the ability to yield a full short-tandem repeat profile. The data were used to fit predictive models of DNA concentration given time and environmental condition. Collectively, these studies meet a critical need to provide comprehensive, well-controlled data and predictive models regarding the stability of touch DNA in real-world scenarios.

    3 Detailed Learning Objectives

    • Understand the significance and challenges of working with touch DNA evidence
    • Learn best-practices for design of experiments involving touch DNA
    • Learn the impact of environmental conditions on the stability of touch DNA.

    Presenters: 

    Dr. Natalie Damaso, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory
    Dr. Meghan Ramsey, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory

  • NY Legal Aid Society’s DNA Unit presents 6th Annual Questioning Forensics Conference
    Free webinar sponsored by NY Legal Aid Society
  • ANSI/ASB Standard 018, Standard for Validation of Probabilistic Genotyping Systems, First Edition, 2020 (Part 4), Promega

    This four-part webinar series presented by Promega provides information on new/emerging standards and best practice recommendations applicable to forensic biology and DNA testing laboratories. These documents include new requirements for training and validation in serology and various aspects of DNA testing, as well as DNA data interpretation and software, and protocol development and verification. This fourth webinar will describe the ANSI/ASB Standard 018, Validation Standard for Probabilistic Genotyping Systems, First Edition.

  • DNA Mixture Interpretation: Conventional and Software-driven Probabilistic Genotyping Methods Webinar

    The Mecklenburg County Public Defender’s Office is hosting a free-to-attend CLE webinar on DNA Mixture Interpretation: Conventional and Software-driven Probabilistic Genotyping Methods. Pending approval by the NC State Bar, this CLE is for 2 general hours (1 of which can count as the technology hour) and the State Bar will charge you $3.50/hour.

    Please register at the link below. Registration will close on January 4, 2021. Only those that register and confirm attendance after the webinar will be reported for CLE credit to the NC State Bar.

    Register for January 8th Webinar

    When: January 8, 2021 from 1-3pm. You may sign on as early as 12:45.

    Where: Wherever you have internet access. Another email will be sent the week of the webinar with instructions on how to join. 

    What:   

    Section 1:  Overview of DNA Analysis and Interpretation of Forensic DNA Mixtures 

    This section will focus on forensic DNA testing and data analysis.  A brief overview of DNA testing theory will be presented, followed by a description of modern DNA forensic testing platforms that are currently in use (STR and Y-STR). The audience will learn more about conventional mixture DNA profile interpretation, recent updates and limitations, and statistical analysis reflecting the weight of DNA evidence.  Relevant laboratory standard operating procedures and interpretation protocols will be discussed.  

    Section 2:  Complex DNA Mixtures Interpretation and the Incorporation of Probabilistic Genotyping (PG) Software Technologies.  

    During this section of the CLE, the attendees will learn more about the theory of mixture DNA interpretation using computer-based probabilistic models, the power and limitations of PG software, and the challenges of confronting PG results in court cases.  The presentation will incorporate actual case examples.  

    Who: Dr. Maher Noureddine, PhD.  is a molecular geneticist with and extensive background in scientific research and training in human genetics.  Dr. Noureddine earned his B.S. in Biology from Radford University in Virginia, an M.S. in Molecular Biology from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, and a Ph.D. in Molecular Genetics from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He then completed a postdoctoral fellowship at Duke University Medical Center (The Center for Human Genetics), where he published many articles on the genetics of Parkinson Disease and other human genetic disorders. In 2005, Dr. Noureddine was a Senior Research Fellow at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/NIH, where he studied the tumor suppressor gene p53 and genomic variations that confer cancer susceptibility in humans.  His expertise includes specialized training in complex genomics, Mitochondrial genomics and bioenergetics, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) analysis, and gene structure and function studies.  Between 2007 and 2011, he served as Chief Science Officer at Thought Leader Select, LLC, where he led many consulting projects for the top global pharmaceutical companies in various therapeutic areas.  In 2011, he established ForensiGen, LLC, a consulting company that specializes in forensic DNA and serology evidence evaluation, interpretation, evidence testing, and education for law professionals.  Dr. Noureddine has served as an expert witness on numerous criminal and civil cases involving DNA and serology evidence in State and Federal courts.  He is a diplomat of the American Board of Criminalistics, and a member of the International Society of Forensic Genetics, the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, the American Society of Human Genetics, and the International Association for Identification.  He is an adjunct teaching faculty in the Department of Forensic Science at Radford University. 

    If you are an investigator or paralegal and need credit for attending, please send the appropriate form to me to sign and I will sign and return it to you.

    If you’d like a refresher on the topic before Dr. Noureddine’s presentation, here are two helpful videos:

    • Dan Crane’s YouTube presentation gives a nice perspective on the problem (complex mixtures) and solution (probabilistic interpretation)
    • Overview of the software by Adam McCarthy, one of the software developers

    Please contact Anthony.Monaghan@mecklenburgcountync.gov with any questions or concerns.

  • STRmix software suite demo

    11-minute demonstration of how the STRmix software suite works. This video will provide attorneys with an introduction to the user interface and reports produced by STRmix software.

  • Forensic DNA Profiling Video Series: Probabilistic Genotyping

    55-minute introduction to probabilistic genotyping by Dr. Dan E. Krane of Wright State University.

  • Validation and Tutorial of NOCit for Determining the Number of Contributors, FTCOE
    Offered by FTCOE, Speaker: Catherine Grgicak
  • FORENSICS@NIST 2020, NIST
    Offered by NIST
  • Southwestern Association of Forensic Scientists 2020 Virtual Conference, FTCOE

    This free virtual conference will cover topics including seized drugs, toxicology, DNA, and more.

  • Development and Publication of New Standards and Best Practices – The Process (Part 1)
    Offered by Promega on July 15, 2020.
  • Upcoming Webinar Series: Serology, DNA and Probabilistic Genotyping Evidence
    Presenter: Dr. Max Noureddine, Offered by IDS during 3 weeks in July 2020. Materials are available.
  • New SWGDAM Recommendations on Communicating Likelihood Ratios, FTCOE
    Offered by FTCOE in Oct. 2018. Materials available.
  • DNA Mixture Interpretation: Thoughts and Lessons Learned from a NIST Scientific Foundation Review

    Following a short introduction from the CSAFE center staff, Dr. John Butler, NIST Special Programs Office, and Dr. Hari Iyer, NIST Statistical Design, Analysis and Modeling Group will present a free one-hour webinar on DNA mixture interpretation.

    In the process of working on a NIST Scientific Foundation Review on DNA mixture interpretation over the past two years, CSAFE’s team has gathered and studied the scientific literature on the topic and carefully considered principles and best practices. Key principles will be reviewed and a brief history of DNA mixture interpretation approaches will be presented. Some thoughts on reliability and relevance will be discussed in the context of measurement and interpretation issues involving probabilistic genotyping approaches that are being used to examine complex, low-level DNA mixtures.

  • DNA Mixture Interpretation CLE: Conventional and Software-driven Probabilistic Genotyping Methods

    The Mecklenburg County Public Defender’s Office is hosting a free to attend CLE on DNA Mixture Interpretation: Conventional and Software-driven Probabilistic Genotyping Methods. Pending approval by the NC State Bar, this CLE is for 2.5 general hours (one of which will satisfy the technology hour requirement if you attend the last 90 minutes of the CLE) and the NC State Bar will charge attendees $3.50/hour ($8.75 total).

    As space is limited: Register for December 13th CLE

    When: December 13, 2019. Registration begins at 12:00 and the CLE will begin at 12:30 with a 15 minute break at 1:30. The CLE will end at 3:15.

    Where: Mecklenburg County Public Defender’s Office 4th floor conference room (to the left off the stairs/elevator from the main entrance of 720 E 4th St Charlotte, NC 28202)

    Agenda

    Section 1:  Introduction: Forensic DNA Analysis and Interpretation of Forensic DNA Mixtures (12:30 PM to 1:30 PM: 60 mins)

    This section will focus on forensic DNA testing and data analysis.  A brief overview of DNA testing theory will be presented, followed by a description of modern DNA forensic testing platforms that are currently in use (STR and Y-STR). The audience will learn more about conventional mixture DNA profile interpretation, recent updates and limitations, and statistical analysis reflecting the weight of DNA evidence.  Relevant laboratory standard operating procedures and interpretation protocols will be discussed.

    Section 2:  Issues with Interpreting Complex DNA Mixtures and the Incorporation of Probabilistic Genotyping (PG) Software Technologies (1:45 PM to 3:15 PM: 90 min)

    During this section of the CLE, the attendees will learn more about the theory of mixture DNA interpretation using computer-based probabilistic models, the power and limitations of PG software, and the challenges of confronting PG results in court cases.  The presentation will incorporate actual case examples. 

    Who: Dr. Maher Noureddine, PhD  is a molecular geneticist with and extensive background in scientific research and training in human genetics as well as expertise in the area of pharmaceutical industry consulting.  Dr. Noureddine earned his B.S. in Biology from Radford University in Virginia, an M.S. in Molecular Biology from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, and a Ph.D. in Molecular Genetics from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He then completed a postdoctoral fellowship at Duke University Medical Center (The Center for Human Genetics), where he published many articles on the genetics of Parkinson Disease and other human genetic disorders. His expertise includes specialized training in complex genomics, DNA fingerprinting, Mitochondrial genomics and bioenergetics, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) analysis, and state of the art methodologies in gene structure and function studies. In 2005, Dr. Noureddine was a Senior Research Fellow at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/NIH, where he studied the tumor suppressor gene p53 and genomic variations that confer cancer susceptibility in humans.  Dr. Noureddine led many consulting projects for the top global pharmaceutical companies in therapeutic areas such as Diabetes, Atrial Fibrillation, Lung Disease, Kidney Disease, Neurodegenerative Disease, Inflammatory Disorders, Hemophilia, and many others.  He is President of ForensiGen, LLC, a company that specializes in providing law professionals with sound counsel and expertise in forensic DNA evidence evaluation, interpretation, and evidence retesting.  Established in 2011, ForensiGen LLC also provides general consulting services in genetic testing for maternity, paternity, infidelity, and disease testing. Dr. Noureddine has served as an expert on numerous criminal and civil cases involving DNA and serology evidence in NC and other States. He is a diplomat of the American Board of Criminalistics, and a member of the International Society of Forensic Genetics, the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, the American Society of Human Genetics, and the International Association for Identification. 

  • Open Forum with the NC State Crime Laboratory CLE

    Co-sponsored by the NC State Crime Laboratory & Office of Indigent Defense Services

    The NC State Crime Laboratory and NC Office of Indigent Defense Services will offer a free-to-attend CLE that is designed to enhance the knowledge of criminal defense attorneys and criminal defense investigators. Senior forensic scientists from the State Crime Lab will present updates and key information about the analysis of physical evidence in the disciplines of Forensic Biology (DNA), Firearms, and Digital Evidence. The Laboratory is working on validating the use of a new software program (STRMix) to interpret DNA mixtures. Once this software is implemented, DNA laboratory reports will have a new format and new conclusions will be used. This program aims to familiarize attorneys with this new program and the testimony that will be provided in court.

    Following these presentations, the speakers will address questions from attorneys. Due to the confidential nature of casework, questions about specific cases will not be answered. Attorneys can schedule a meeting at the State Crime Lab to discuss the case with the analyst. Registration is available here. Attendees are encouraged to submit questions ahead of time using the registration form or by emailing sarah.r.olson@nccourts.org.

    Attorneys receiving CLE credit will be billed $3.50 per credit hour by the NC State Bar. 3.0 hours of general CLE credit is anticipated. Non-attorneys who wish to receive continuing education credit will receive certificates of attendance.

  • DNA Evidence Essentials Webinar – Preparing for Expert Testimony with a Forensic DNA Analyst: New Technology

    A new method for interpreting DNA mixtures will be coming online in NC in the coming months. A webinar was offered on Aug. 13, 2019 from 12-2 pm to train attorneys on DNA analyst testimony and new methodologies. The archived recording of the webinar is available on demand.

    This complimentary forensic science webinar is offered by the National Clearinghouse for Science, Technology, and the Law at Stetson Law. The program is presented by Rachel Oefelein, the Quality Assurance Manager and a Senior DNA Analyst at DNA Labs International. Ms. Oefelein will present DNA Evidence Essentials: Preparing for Expert Testimony with a Forensic DNA Analyst: New Technologies.

    The webinar focused on:

    • Basics of DNA analysis
    • Compare/contrast types of services available at public vs. private lab
    • What is probabilistic genotyping
    • Questions attorneys should ask the experts
    • Related case law; and preparing for testimony

    The webinar is part of the complimentary webinar series, Crime Scene to Courtroom Forensics Training, a project supported by a grant from the Bureau of Justice Assistance.

  • Probabilistic Genotyping Panel Discussion and Q&A

    Module 8 of Online Series: Probabilistic Genotyping of Evidentiary DNA Typing Results. Archived webinar available for free on-demand viewing.

  • Review of Court Matters on Probabilistic Genotyping

    Module 7 of Online Series: Probabilistic Genotyping of Evidentiary DNA Typing Results. Archived webinar available for free on-demand viewing.

  • Representation of Statistical Weight to Stakeholders and the Court

    Module 6 of Online Series: Probabilistic Genotyping of Evidentiary DNA Typing Results. Archived webinar now available for free on-demand viewing.

  • Uncertainty and Limitations of Probabilistic Genotyping Systems

    Module 5 of Online Series: Probabilistic Genotyping of Evidentiary DNA Typing Results. Archived webinar now available for free on-demand viewing.

  • Validation of Probabilistic Genotyping Systems for Casework Usage

    Module 4 of Online Series: Probabilistic Genotyping of Evidentiary DNA Typing Results. Archived webinar now available for free on-demand viewing.

  • Probabilistic Genotyping Software and Output

    Module 3 of Online Series: Probabilistic Genotyping of Evidentiary DNA Typing Results. Archived webinar now available for free on-demand viewing.

  • Statistical Genetics and the Mechanisms of Probabilistic Genotyping

    Module 2 of Online Series: Probabilistic Genotyping of Evidentiary DNA Typing Results. Archived webinar now available for free on-demand viewing.

  • The elements of DNA profile interpretation and probabilistic genotyping

    Module 1 of Online Series: Probabilistic Genotyping of Evidentiary DNA Typing Results. Archived webinar now available for free on-demand viewing.

  • BBC Knowledge Explainer DNA

    3-minute video explains the basics of DNA’s form and function. Though the focus of this animated film is not forensic DNA, it gives important introductory information that is useful as a building block for understanding forensic DNA analysis.

  • DNA Mixture Lessons

    Boston University Biomedical Forensic Sciences has put lessons on interpretation of DNA Mixtures online. These lessons show many examples of the phenomena that they discuss, which is helpful for understanding this complex topic.

  • Forensic DNA Mixups

    Feb. 2015 Ted Talk video by Dr. Greg Hampikian covers forensic DNA errors including statistical and interpretation errors and contamination issues.

  • The Principles of Forensic DNA Evidence: A Primer for the Law Professional

    This virtual CLE is designed to provide a foundation in the principles and evaluation of forensic DNA evidence. It may be viewed for free or for a small fee for CLE credit. Dr. Max Noureddine describes basic concepts of human genetics, key terms related to DNA evidence, laboratory procedures, technologies that aim at increasing the reliability of forensic DNA testing, and some limitations of these tools. Participants will learn about the electropherogram and become familiar with basic profile comparisons as well as anomalies and artifacts that are often revealed in electropherogram data.

Websites

  • Human DNA Standard — A Q&A With NIST’s Becky Steffen

    NIST scientist Becky Steffen answers questions regarding her preparation of a “Human DNA Standard” which helps forensic laboratories maintain accurate DNA test results.

  • Sample Cross-Examination Transcripts

    Sample direct and cross-examinations of various forensic witnesses, including a firearm/toolmark expert, fingerprint expert, pathologist, DNA expert, and other forensic experts.

  • NIJ Funded Software Tools, Apps and Databases

    The NIJ has a number of free or low cost software tools that may be of assistance in understanding forensic evidence disciplines of digital forensics, arson investigation, DNA, death investigation, and more.

  • A Simplified Guide to Forensic Science

    The National Forensic Science Technology Center created this website to explain in simplified terms the principles of each type of forensic analysis and how the analysis is performed. Topics include DNA, digital evidence, fingerprints, firearms, trace evidence, blood stains, and more.

  • Forensic Bioinformatics

    DNA experts in OH with videos, articles, and a glossary of DNA testing terms available for free download on their website.

  • Short Tandem Repeat DNA Internet DataBase

    Forensic DNA analysis resources compiled by John Butler. Includes training materials, technical information, and a collection of data by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

  • Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM)

    A group of approximately 50 scientists representing federal, state, and local forensic DNA laboratories in the United States and Canada. SWGDAM periodically issues new Interpretation Guidelines that crime labs then implement. The 2017 guidelines that supersede the 2010 guidelines are available on the SWGDAM website. FAQ page contains helpful information.

    • 2013 SWGDAM Interpretation Guidelines for Mitochondrial DNA Analysis by Forensic DNA Testing Laboratories
    • 2015 SWGDAM Guidelines for Validation of Probabilistic Genotyping Systems
  • Evolutions in DNA Forensics

    Law and Technology Resources for Legal Professionals compiled this list of books, articles, and other publications that treat different aspects of DNA evidence, including DNA databases, forensic interpretation of DNA evidence, 4th and 5th Amendment concerns, and more.

  • Supreme Court Upholds Taking DNA Upon Arrest

    UNC School of Government blog post by Jeff Welty on the Supreme Court case Maryland v. King which allows the taking of DNA from arrestees.

Attorneys may use or borrow these books from the IDS Forensic Library located in Durham.

Books

  • Erin E. Murphy, Inside the Cell: The Dark Side of Forensic DNA
  • John M. Butler, Advanced Topics in Forensic DNA Typing: Interpretation
  • John M. Butler, Fundamentals of Forensic DNA Typing
  • John M. Butler, Forensic DNA Typing: Biology, Technology, and Genetics of STR Markers (2d ed.)

Cases

  • State v. Phillips, 836 S.E.2d 866 (2019)

    The prosecutor had a DNA analyst testify about an inconclusive mixture. Such testimony was not “based on sufficient facts or data” nor “the product of reliable principles and methods.” Erroneous admission of expert testimony regarding DNA evidence recovered from minor victim was prejudicial in statutory rape prosecution.

  • State v. Phillips, __ N.C. App. __, __ S.E.2d __ (Dec. 3, 2019)

    New trial ordered where State Crime Lab forensic scientist was required to testify about DNA sample despite her insistence that the testimony was not scientifically valid. Court of Appeals found that the testimony was expert opinion testimony and did not satisfy prongs 1 or 2 of Rule 702 where the expert was asked to testify regarding an inconclusive profile in a DNA mixture.

  • United States v. Gissantaner, 417 F. Supp. 3d 857 (2019)

    Successful Daubert challenge to the admissibility of STRMix genotyping software due to the complexity of the DNA mixture in the case at hand.

    The defendant’s Daubert motion and the ruling are linked in this article.

  • Supreme Court Upholds Taking DNA Upon Arrest

    UNC School of Government blog post by Jeff Welty on the Supreme Court case Maryland v. King which allows the taking of DNA from arrestees.

Motions and Briefs

  • Bean Motion, Lab Reports, and Transcript

    Three reports were written about the same SBI DNA testing in this case: the first report in 5/09 said defendant excluded as source of DNA; the second report in 6/09 changed the conclusion and said the results were “inconclusive” (the internal SBI lab “reviewer” made the analyst change the report); and the third report in 8/11 said defendant was excluded. For more information about this case, click here.

    • Motion for Sanctions for Brady Violations
    • Lab Reports
    • Transcript of Analyst Winningham’s testimony
  • Motion to Suppress DNA Evidence

    Motion to exclude the SBI’s analysis of DNA evidence where analysis entirely consumed the sample and was performed in violation of a court order. Drafted by Lisa Dubs and Mark Rabil.

    • Orders – Orders from the case above, including Order to Preserve Evidence and Notes, order to not test evidence without written consent of the state and the defense or upon a court order, order excluding evidence of SBI testing, and dismissal of charges.
  • Third Motion for Production of Discovery Regarding DNA and Forensic Evidence and Motion to Prevent Consumptive DNA Testing
  • Motion for Discovery of Laboratory/Scientific Evidence

    Sample discovery motion regarding DNA evidence.

  • Discovery checklist

    This checklist can help attorneys identify what DNA lab reports have been received in discovery and what additional items may need to be requested.

DNA in the News

  • Durham police make arrests on years-long cold cases by working through backlog of rape kits, by Sarah Krueger, WRAL, 4/13/2021
  • EFF Challenges Surreptitious Collection of DNA at Iowa Supreme Court, by Jennifer Lynch, Electronic Frontier Foundation, 4/9/2021
  • DNA evidence helps N.C. investigators identify wanted suspect in deadly 2008 home invasion, by WMBF News Staff, WMBF, 4/6/2021
  • DNA can be collected from air, scientists show for first time, by Jason Goodyer, Science Focus, 3/31/2021
  • DNA Databases To Solve Crimes In MD Could Be Limited By Bill, by Deb Belt, Patch, 3/27/2021
  • Sentenced to death after being convicted by a lie, NC brothers still wait for justice, by Andrew Carter, Raleigh News & Observer, 3/12/2021
  • Powerful DNA Software Used in Hundreds of Criminal Cases Faces New Scrutiny, by Lauren Kirchner, The Markup, 3/9/2021
  • New York City said it would purge its DNA database. A year later, it’s expanded., by Erin Durkin, 2/23/2021
  • Click here for more articles on this topic

DNA Experts

  • Ronald T Acton, Ph.D., Vestavia Hills, AL
  • Mehul B. Anjaria, MS,D-ABC, Los Angeles, CA
  • Edward Blake, Richmond, CA
  • Meghan E. Clement, Raleigh, NC
  • Dr. Heather Miller Coyle, West Haven, CT
  • Simon Ford, Fairborn, OH
  • Laura Gahn, Ph.D., D-ABC, Dallas, TX
  • Joan Gulliksen, Dallas, TX
  • Julie A. Heinig, Ph.D., Fairfield, OH
  • Elizabeth Johnson, Ph.D., Thousand Oaks, CA
  • Lawrence Kobilinsky, Ph.D., Oceanside, NY
  • Dan Krane, Ph.D., Fairborn, OH
  • Deanna D. Lankford, Dallas, TX
  • Henry Lee, Ph.D., Branford, CT
  • Dr. Randell T. Libby, Seattle, WA
  • J. Thomas (Tom) McClintock, Ph.D., Lynchburg, VA
  • Terry Melton, Ph.D., State College, PA
  • Huma Nasir, Dallas, TX
  • Maher (Max) Noureddine, Ph.D., MS, Oak Ridge, NC
  • Orchid Cellmark, Dallas, TX
  • Matthew Quartaro, Plano, TX
  • Norah Rudin, Ph.D., Mountain View, CA
  • William Shields, Syracuse, NY
  • Marc Scott Taylor, Ventura, CA
  • William C. (Bill) Thompson, Ph.D., JD, Irvine, CA
  • Melanie S. Trapani, Ph.D., Dallas, TX
  • Charlotte J. Word, Ph.D., Richmond, VA
  • Sandy Zabell, Ph.D., Evanston, IL

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